The increase in pressure over the age level is accurate to call arterial hypertension.
If the pressure increases regularly or for a long time and during the test, it is impossible to determine the cause of this, then hypertension is diagnosed.If a person has any disease that causes increased pressure (for example, past trauma in the past, kidney disease, etc.), then they talk about secondary artery hypertension.However, in the collapse, all cases of increased pressure are often called hypertension.
Hypertension is known as a quiet killer, because it does not always have clear symptoms, especially in the early stages.It has been determined that the increase in pressure has 20-30 % of the adult population, although many people do not know about their disease for a long time.If hypertension is not treated, the risk of heart attack or an increase in stroke.The only way to learn about the presence of a problem is
Regular blood pressure measurement.
Blood pressure is the power that blood presses into the wall of blood and heart.With hypertension, blood pressure in the artery and the heart becomes too high, leading to the early wear of these organs and increases the risk of other diseases, for example, impaired renal or brain function.
Blood pressure is measured by mercury millimeters (mm Hg) and is fixed in two directions:
- Sistolic pressure - blood pressure at the time of reducing cardiac and pushing blood into the artery;
- Diastolic blood pressure - blood pressure at the time of relaxation of myocardial muscle between two contractions.
For example, if your doctor says your blood pressure is 140 140 to 90, this means your systolic pressure is 140 mm Hg.Art., And diastolic pressure - 90 mm Hg.Art.
The optimal blood pressure in adults is considered to be less than 120/80 mm Hg.Art.However, the standards are the numbers up to 139/89.If, according to the results of some measurements, your pressure exceeds 140/90, you have arterial hypertension, you need to be checked for additional and, possible, treatment.
Aortic hypertension symptoms (hypertension)
Hypertension is not always accompanied by a good change.The only way to find out if you have hypertension is to measure blood pressure.Adults should check their blood pressure at least every five years.
If you are pregnant, it is important to constantly check your blood pressure, even if it is not high.Observing blood pressure during pregnancy reduces the risk of complications.Increasing blood pressure in pregnant women can lead to pre -eclampsia.This is a dangerous situation in which there is a problem with the placenta (the organs providing blood circulation of the unprecedented child).
Sometimes the symptoms of high pressure are:
- headache;
- dark or double in the eyes;
- Bleeding from the nose;
- shortness of breath.
Such signs appear in people with very high pressure.If you find any of these symptoms, consult your doctor.No treatment, arterial hypertension can lead to serious diseases, including stroke and heart attack.Immediately an appointment with the therapist if you find any of these symptoms or increase pressure.If the symptoms are significantly expressed, call an ambulance.
Causes of hypertension (arterial hypertension)
In more than 90% of cases, the cause of hypertension cannot be set.Then hypertension is called essential or main.Factors may increase the risk of primary hypertension from you including:
- Age: The risk of developing hypertension with age;
- In your family there are cases of hypertension (the disease can be inherited);
- Excess salt in your diet;
- lack of physical exercises;
- complete;
- smoke;
- Alcohol abuse;
- emphasize.
Causes of hypertension
About 10% of high pressure cases are a result of a certain disease or a specific cause.These cases are related to secondary hypertension.The typical cause of the pressure in this case is:
- kidney disease;
- Diabetes;
- Narrowing the arteries of the kidneys;
- Hormonal diseases, such as kushing syndrome (a disease in which the body produces too much steroid hormone);
- Diseases affect the connective tissue of the body, for example, systemic lupus erythematosus;
- contraception (oral contraception);
- Painkillers, called non -indelible anti -inflammatory drugs (NSAID);
- Club drugs, such as cocaine, amphetamines and crystal methamphetamine;
- Some plant medicines, herbal additives.
Diagnosis of hypertension
To diagnose arterial hypertension and identify its possible causes, mainly using systematic blood pressure measurements.This can be done by both medical and independent staff, using a home device to measure pressure.
Healthy people at the age of 40 should measure blood pressure at least once once.If you are at risk of hypertension, you should regularly check your blood pressure, the most ideal once a year.
Checking blood pressure is usually easy to conduct in most clinics and hospitals.Blood pressure is usually measured using a tonometer (pressure gauge), a device that includes stethoscope, cuff, measuring device, air spray and valve.
The cuff is wrapped around the shoulder and pumped up to limit blood flow into the artery.After that, the air in the cuff began to slow down, while listening to the pulse with a stethoscope.Listen to your circuit in a place below the cuff with the original air that allows you to get a reliable data on your blood pressure reading.In addition, the current automatic (digital) meter is popular, pressure measurement and pulse with electrical sensors.
Before measuring blood pressure, you should relax for at least five minutes and bladder empty.To get the right evidence of blood pressure, you need to sit and not talk during operation.
If one of the measurements you find blood pressure increases, this does not necessarily mean you have hypertension.During the day, the level of blood pressure may fluctuate.Pressure can increase while using a doctor due to anxiety and stress.In these cases, it is advisable to measure the pressure of the day by yourself, using a home tonomet meter.By eliminating the fear of a white robe, you can get more objective indicators.
You can also do blood and urine tests to check the presence of diseases that increase the risk of high blood pressure, for example, kidney diseases.
Decoding the reading of tonometer
Blood pressure is measured by mercury mercury (mm RT. Art.) And is fixed in two range:
- Sistolic pressure - blood pressure at the time of reducing cardiac and pushing blood into the artery;
- Diastolic blood pressure - blood pressure at the time of relaxation of myocardial muscle between two contractions.
For example, if your systolic blood pressure is 140 mm Hg.Art., And diastolic blood pressure is 90 mm Hg.Art., After that, they say that your pressure is 140 in 90.
Ideally, blood pressure should be less than 120/80.However, instructions below 140/90 are often considered normal.If you have kidney disease, diabetes or heart disease and circulatory system, your target blood pressure must be less than 130/80 mm Hg.Art.
If the pressure indicators in a few days higher than the 140/90 point - you have arterial hypertension and need further check.
High pressure treatment
Effective actions to reduce blood pressure are changing lifestyle and medicine.The selection of treatment regime will depend on the degree of blood pressure and the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases.
If your blood pressure is slightly higher than 130/80 mm Hg.Art., At the same time, the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases in your low vascular diseases, you will be able to reduce the pressure by making certain changes in your lifestyle.
If your blood pressure is moderately high (140/90 mm Hg or more) and there is a risk of developing cardiovascular diseases in you in the next 10 years, then the treatment will include medication and adjust your lifestyle.
If your blood pressure is very high (180/110 mm Hg or more), then in the near future, you need to be treated, can be added, depending on your health status.
Lifestyle with arterial hypertension
Here are some changes that you can follow your lifestyle to reduce pressure.Some of them will lead to rapid improvement within a few weeks, others will affect a longer time.
- Reduce the consumption of salt to less than 6 grams per day.
- Eat a healthy, low, balanced food, including lots of fresh fruits and vegetables.
- Be active: Maintaining physical activity is one of the important things that you should do to prevent or control hypertension.
- Reduce alcohol consumption.
- Refuse smoking.Smoking significantly increases the ability to develop lungs and heart disease.
- Losing weight.
- Drink less coffee, tea or other caffeine drinks, such as Cola.Using more than four cups of coffee a day can increase your blood pressure.
- Try to use relaxing techniques such as yoga, meditation and stress management (self -generating training).
The more you master the healthy habits, it will have a more positive effect.In fact, some people find that when they maintain a healthy lifestyle, they often need medicine.
Treatment with hypertension
There are many drug options that reduce pressure.You may need to take more than one drug, because sometimes the treatment of hypertension needs a combination of some drugs.
In some cases, you will need to reduce pressure throughout your life.However, if your blood pressure level is still controlled for several years, you will have the opportunity to stop treating with medication.Most high -pressure drugs can cause side effects, but this problem can be solved by replacing drugs used.
Tell your doctor if you have any of the following common side effects of medication:
- a feeling of drowsiness;
- Kidney pain (on the lower back);
- dry cough;
- dizziness, exhaustion or indifference;
- Rough on the skin.
Here are the most widely used drugs for high pressure.
Angiotensin reproduction enzyme inhibitors (APF)Reduce blood pressure, relax the walls of blood vessels.The most common side effect is constant dry cough.If the side effects start to worry too much, drugs such as Angiotensin-2 receptor resistant drugs may suggest you, the same action as the effect of ACE inhibitors.
ACE inhibitors can cause unforeseen side effects if they are used with other types, including too much, medicine.Before taking any supplement, consult your doctor if the combination of their negative side effects will cause them.
Calcium channel(Calcium antagonistic drug) Prevent calcium into cells of the heart tissue of the heart and blood vessels.This leads to the expansion of your arteries (large blood vessels) and lower blood pressure.
The use of grapefruit juice when using some calcium channel blockers can increase the risk of side effects.Only more detailed, you can discuss this issue with your doctor.
Diuretics(Diuretics) Act due to the excretion of excess liquid and salt from the body.
Beta blocking (beta-blocker)They act by reducing the frequency and power of cardiova Contract, thus reducing blood pressure.Previously, beta blockers were a common drug for high pressure, but now they are usually only used when other vehicles have no necessary effects.This is due to the fact that beta blockers are considered less effective than other drugs to increase pressure.
Beta shooting can also affect the effects of other drugs, causing side effects.Consult your doctor before taking other drugs combined with beta blockers.
Do not stop taking beta blockers suddenly without consulting your doctor.This can lead to serious side effects, such as hypertension or angina attack.
Alpha blocker (b block alpha road)Typically, they are not recommended as a first choice to reduce high blood pressure, except for other drugs that do not work properly.Alpha blockers action by relaxing your blood vessels, creating significant conditions for blood flow inside them.
The common side effects of the alpha blocking include:
- fainting when using the first drug (the first dose effect of Muslims);
- dizzy;
- headache;
- Swelling of the ankles;
- Tired.
Complications of hypertension
Blood pressure increases to an additional load on your heart and blood vessels.If hypertension is not treated, after a certain period of time, the risk of heart attack, stroke and kidney disease increases.
Cardiovascular disease due to hypertension
Hypertension can cause many different diseases of the heart and blood vessels and blood vessels of the heart (cardiovascular disease), including:
- stroke;
- Myocardial infarction;
- Tumolia: It occurs when blood clots or a bubble bubble blocking blood in one vessel;
- Aortic aneurysm: it develops when the vascular wall is prolonged and can be broken at any time, causing internal bleeding.
Kidney disease and pressure increase
Hypertension can also lead to damage to small blood vessels in the kidneys and weaken their function.This complication can cause symptoms such as:
- Tired;
- edema of ankle, feet or hands (due to water delay in the body);
- shortness of breath;
- the presence of blood in urine;
- Frequent urination, especially at night;
- Itching skin.
Kidney disease is treated with medicine and food additives.More serious cases require dialysis (the treatment process in which blood is artificially cleansed toxic metabolic products in the body) or kidney transplantation.
Prevention of increased pressure
The development of hypertension can be prevented by a healthy diet, maintain normal weight, perform regular physical exercises, limit alcohol consumption and refuse smoking.
Smoking in itself does not cause high blood pressure, but significantly increases the risk of myocardial infarction and stroke.Smoking, like high blood pressure, leads to narrowing the arteries.If you smoke from the presence of hypertension, your arteries will narrow much faster and the risk of developing heart and lung diseases in your future will increase significantly.
Power supply at high pressure
Reduce the amount of salt in your diet, eat lots of fruits and vegetables.Salt increases pressure.The more salt you consume, the higher your pressure.Try to eat less than 6 g of salt daily, approximately one teaspoon.
As proven, the use of food with low fat and high fiber content (for example, whole grain rice, bread and pasta) and a large amount of fruit and vegetables help reduce blood pressure.Fruits and vegetables are rich in vitamins, minerals and fibers that support your body in a healthy state.Try to eat 80 g of fruit and vegetables every day.
Drinking alcohol regularly is above the allowable standards that will lead to your hypertension.Men are not recommended to use more than 2-4 rations of wine per day regularly and women-more than 2-3.Regular use means every day or most weekdays.A part of alcohol corresponds to a glass of vodka, half a glass of wine or half a beer.
In addition, because alcohol has many calories, its frequent use leads to weight gain, and thereby, to increase your blood pressure.
If you drink more than four cups of coffee a day, this can lead to pressure increase.If you are a big fan of coffee, tea or other caffeine drinks (such as Coca-Cola and some energy drinks), consider the possibility of reducing their consumption.It is good to drink tea and coffee as part of a balanced diet, but it is important that such drinks are not your only source of liquid.
Weight and physical exercises for hypertension
Excessive weight tied the heart to work stronger to pump blood through the whole body, which often leads to your hypertension.If you really need to lose weight, it is important to remember that reducing both or three kg of weight will lead to a significant change in reading your blood pressure and improving your health in general.
A dynamic lifestyle and regular exercise leads to lowering blood pressure by maintaining heart and blood vessels in good condition.Regular exercise also helps you lose weight, this also helps you reduce blood pressure.
An adult should be spent at least 150 minutes (2 hours and 30 minutes) for moderate open intensity exercises, such as cycling or fast walking.When doing exercises, you should focus on the fact that you should feel warm and breath out.A complete person, to achieve this state, can become a bit enough in the hill.Physical activity may include a range of exercises, from sports to walking and working in the garden.
Relaxing exercises can reduce blood pressure.They include:
- Stress management (self -birth training), meditation or yoga.
- Psychotherapy cognitive behavior, focusing on your way of thinking and belief can affect your health and the ability to deal with issues.You can discuss with your doctor the opportunity to go through such psychotherapy.
- Biology (self -adjustment method is used to help you regulate blood pressure consciously): On a small screen, you will prove your heart or blood pressure in real time.One introduction to biological response can be performed by your doctor.
Which doctor is exposed to hypertension?
If you have pressure to increase, look for a good therapist, who can understand the cause of the disease and prescribe treatment.If you have a complaint about the heart or have chronic cardiovascular diseases, choose a cardiologist.