Aortic hypertension belongs to the most common diseases of the heart and blood vessels, affecting about 25% of the adult population.It is not surprising that it is sometimes mentioned as an infection.High blood pressure with its complications significantly affects the mortality rate of the population.It is estimated that up to 25% of deaths of people over the age of 40 are direct or indirectly due to hypertension.The probability of complications identifies hypertension stages.How many stages are hypertension, how are they classified?Look below.
Important!According to the latest estimate of the World Health Organization in 1993, hypertension in adults is an increase in blood pressure stability to 140/90 mm Hg.Art.
Classification of arterial hypertension, determining the level of risk
In WHO, at the cause, hypertension is classified into main and secondary.
With hypertension (essential) (GB), the main cause of organic organic hypertension (blood pressure) is not known.A combination of genetic factors, external effects and violations of internal regulatory mechanisms are taken into account.
External factors:
- environment;
- use too much calories, the development of obesity;
- Increase salt consumption;
- lack of potassium, calcium, magnesium;
- drink too much;
- Repeat stressful situations.
Primary hypertension is the most common hypertension, in about 95% of cases.
3 stages of hypertension are separated:
- Stage I - Hypertension without changing the internal organs;
- Stage II - Hypertension with changes in organs, but does not weaken their functions (left ventricular hypertrophy, proteinuria, vascular disease);
- Stage III - Agencies accompanied by weakened function (left heart failure, hypertension, stroke, Hypertonic retinal disease, kidney failure).
Secondary hypertension (symptoms) is a hypertension as a symptom of a hidden disease with a defined cause.Classification of secondary artery hypertension as follows:
- Renoparechymal hypertension - occurs due to kidney disease;Reason: renal parenchyma (glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis), tumor, kidney damage;
- Renovated hypertension - Narrowing kidney arteries with muscle dysplasia or atherosclerosis, nephrotic thrombosis;
- Endocrine hypertension - Hyperaldosteron (Conn syndrome), hyperthyroidism, pheochromocytoma, Kushing syndrome;
- hypertension caused by the drug;
- Pregnancy hypertension - high pressure during pregnancy, after childbirth, this condition is usually normalized;
- A combination of aorta.
Pregnancy hypertension can lead to congenital diseases of children, especially retinopathy.2 stages of retinopathy (early and all children) are separated ::
- Activity - including 5 stages of development, can lead to vision loss;
- Rubts - leads to many cornea.
Important!Both stages of early and adequate retinopathy leads to anatomical disorders!
Hypertension by the international system (according to ICD-10):
- Main form - i10;
- Secondary model - I15.
The level of hypertension also determines the level of dehydration - dehydration.In this case, the classification kit is lack of water in the body.
Share 3 degrees of dehydration:
- Grade 1 - Light - Lack of 3.5%;Symptoms - dry mouth, serious thirst;
- Level 2 - medium - deficiency - 3-6%;Symptoms - sharp fluctuations in reducing pressure or reducing pressure, tachycardia, oliguria;
- Grade 3 - The third level is the most serious, characterized by the lack of 7-14% of water;Expression with hallucinations, delirium;Clinic - coma, hypotension.
Depending on the degree and stage of dehydration, loss is implemented by introducing the solutions:
- 5% Glucose + NaCl Isotonic (light level);
- 5% NaCl (average level);
- 4.2% NaHCO3(Serious level).
The stages of GB
Subjective symptoms, especially with mild and moderate hypertension, are usually not available, so the hypertension is often found at the level of dangerous indicators.Clinical images are divided into 3 stages.Each stage of arterial hypertension has typical symptoms, thereby classifying GB.
Stage I
In phase 1 of hypertension, patients complain about headaches, fatigue, tachycardia, disorientation, sleep disorders.In phase 1 of the GB, objective detection on the heart, ECG, eye background, in laboratory studies present within normal range.
Phase II
In phase 2 of AH, subjective complaints are similar, and there are signs of hypertrophy of the left ventricle, there are signs of hypertension blood vessel disease in the retina, microalbuminuria or proteinuria in the urine.Sometimes there is the rise of red blood cells in the precipitate of urine.In 2 stages of hypertension, symptoms of renal failure are not available.
Stage III
With the hypertension of phase III, functional disorders are diagnosed in organs under the risk of hypertension:
- Damage to the heart - at first, shortness of breath is manifested, then - symptoms of heart asthma or pulmonary edema;
- Vascular complications - damage to peripheral and coronary arteries, the risk of atherosclerosis of the brain;
- Fundus changes - have the nature of hypertension, neurological disease;
- Changes in cerebral vessels are manifested by transient ischemic attacks, blood vessel stroke or typical hemorrhage;
- In stage III, brain stroke, brain damage is diagnosed in most patients;
- Benign nephrososis of renal vessels - leads to restriction on glomerular filtration, hypertension, red blood cells, hypertension and then chronic kidney failure.
What is the most dangerous stage or hypertension?Despite various symptoms, all stages and levels of arterial hypertension are dangerous, they require appropriate body treatment or appropriate symptoms.
Degree
According to the indicators of blood pressure (blood), determined at the time of diagnosis, 3 degrees of blood pressure are distinguished:
- light;
- medium;
- heavy.
There is also the 4th concept that determines anti-drug hypertension (persistent), in which even with the right choice of a combination of anti-hypertension drugs, blood pressure indicators do not drop below 140/90 mm Hg.Art.
A clearer overview of arterial hypertension is presented in the table.
Classify Ag and normal blood pressure stratification according to the instructions of ESH/ESC 2007.
| Type | Collective pressure, mm Hg.Art. | Diastolic pressure, mm Hg.Art. |
|---|---|---|
| Optimal | <120 | <80 |
| Normal | 120 ball 129 | 80 matches84 |
| Normal increase | 130 ball139 | 85 ball 88 |
| 1 degree | 140 ball 159 | 90 matches99 |
| 2 degrees | 160 balls179 | 100 matches109 |
| 3 degrees | More than 180 | More than 110 |
| O isolated with systolic hypertension | More than 140 | less than 90 |
The difficulties of patients vary according to the splitting of hypertension into degree.The selection of the treatment regime depends on the determination of the level.
I qualified
The disease can only be detected with regular blood pressure measurement.Measurements should be done in a relaxing environment, at least 3 times in a certain period of time.
This is the only way to assess the presence or absence of hypertension.Depending on the level of hypertension, clinical images of the disease are different.
Level II
The second level of hypertension is characterized by the stage of increased pressure alternating with reducing indicators, or increasing diastolic value.Within this range, hypertension, cases of increased pressure in certain cases are typical, especially in patients with unstable nervous system.
Level III degree
The level of AG III is characterized by a serious increase in blood pressure.
The level III of GB is characterized by serious complications arising from the harmful effects of high blood pressure on all organs and systems.First of all, heart, kidney, eyes, brain are affected.With hypertension of level III, symptoms and treatment are closely related - with incorrect or improper treatment, the disease can lead to serious consequences: stroke, brain disease, kidney failure, irreversible eye damage, blood vessels.The lack of treatment for hypertension III increases the risk of systolic hypertension.
In the arterial hypertension stage, the level of risk increases significantly!Memory disorders, mental activity, and consciousness are often manifested.
The Hypertonic crisis arises as a complication of the third century, and is considered to be art IV.GB.
Risk
According to the classification of hypertension due to stage and level, the patient is divided into risk groups, depending on the severity of Ag.4 types are distinguished (meaning that there are many of them equal to the level of hypertension), determined by the principle of damage to the internal organs in the future.
Risk of disease level:
- risk below 15%;
- Risks up to 20%;
- Risks 20-30%;
- Risks are over 30%.
Low, insignificant
A low -risk group consists of men up to 55 years old and women to 65 years old from I Art.Arterial hypertension.In this group, the risk of cardiovascular disease in the period of up to 10 years is less than 15%.Low -risk groups are recommended to change their lifestyle.If within 6-12 months of treatment is not a treatment that does not show effective, prescribing drugs.
Medium
The average risk group includes people from I - II art.Hypertension, provided that there are 1-2 risk factors.The risk increases with high body weight, smoking, increasing cholesterol, violating glucose tolerance, lack of motion.Genetic factors are also very important.The risk of cardiovascular complications in these people is higher and is 15 20% in 10 years.People involved in this group are recommended to follow a healthy lifestyle.If the pressure does not occur within 6 months, the pharmacological therapy is prescribed.
High
High -end groups include people of the first century.Hypertension, under the presence of at least 3 risk factors, including:
- diabetes;
- defeat the target agencies;
- Atherosclerosis blood vessels;
- Left ventricular hypertrophy;
- increased creatinine;
- Change in eye circuits.
This group also includes hypertension of the 3rd century, without risk factors (the risk of cardiovascular diseases is 20-30% in 10 years).The representative of this group under the supervision of a cardiologist.
Very high
A group of hypertension has a very high risk of cardiovascular disease (more than 30% in 10 years) including people with Art III.Hypertension, provided that at least one risk factor.In addition, this group includes patients with AH I - II Art.With the presence of a brain circulation, ischemia, kidney disease.This group is controlled by cardiologists, requiring active treatment.
Conclusion
The problem of arterial hypertension is an unfamiliar symptom, characterized by a range of clinical paintings.Therefore, often a person does not know about the presence of the disease.Therefore, high pressure is detected by an accident, during the test or in the manifestation of complications.When diagnosing hypertension, it is important to accurately notify the patient that he can greatly affect his disease process, in a healthy lifestyle.