Hypertension or hypertension: Symptoms and treatment

Hypertension is a periodic or unchanged hypertension (blood pressure).For some people, the increase in pressure is standard, but this is an exception to the rules and indicators mentioned for most people is pathological.

Causes and mechanisms of hypertension development

In a healthy person, the pressure is normal about 120/80 mm Hg.Art.At the physiological and chemical level, increased pressure is a natural reaction of the body for any danger or stress.In an endangered situation, Adrenaline was thrown into the blood, the heart began to work faster, narrowed pulse, muscles shrinking and pressure increased.

Stress, experience, lack of sleep, problem - all this can lead to chronic pressure increase.However, doctors also call other causes of hypertension: genetics, overweight or obesity, dysfunction in the thyroid, kidney, magnesium deficiency in the body, taking some drugs.

The pathology of hypertension is not fully clarified.Hemodynamic base for hypertension is to increase the melody of the bridge due to nerve impulses from the central nervous system along the sympathetic paths.

In addition to the nerve mechanism, other mechanisms that increase blood pressure, especially humor, can also be enabled (sequential).

Nephrotic factors related to acute ischemia are also important.The included kidney factor contributes to the development of high blood pressure and stability.The role is known in the complex disease mechanism of hypertension is played by hormones of the adrenal glands of the adrenal gland.

Therefore, two groups of factors can be distinguished in the mechanism of hypertension in hypertension: nerves, through sympathetic nervous systems that directly affect the melody of the artery and humor, regarding the enhancement of catecholamine secretion and some other biological active ingredients that cause newspaper effects.

The development mechanism of hypertension is complex.Many agencies and systems are related to it.The degree of damage to different organs for hypertension may not be equal, so some clinical and anatomical variants of hypertension are distinguished: with lesions that dominate the vessels of the kidney, heart and brain.

Symptom

The artery pressure is blood pressure, depending on the constant shock of the heart performing its pump function.It gives about 70-90 abbreviations per minute.By measuring blood pressure, we take into account two digits: systolic pressure (at the time of myocardial contraction) and diastolic pressure (at the time of relaxation).Aortic hypertension is often called pressure on 140 x 90, respectively.

With increased pressure, some such features are often observed:

• headache, noise in the ears;
• visual disorders;
• dizzy;
• Absent -MINING;
• Memory impairment;
• asleep;
• Blood pressure instability;
• nausea;
• chills;
• Swelling of the eyelids, puffiness in the morning;
• Heart beating heart;
• chills, sweating, hitting the head;
• blush, internal stress, anxiety, discomfort;
• reduce efficiency;
• swelling of the limbs, numbness of the finger;
• Pain in the heart.

If any symptoms are observed over time, this is not evidence of increased pressure.But if you notice the chronic presence of signs, consult your doctor.

The most common sign shows that the disease is a headache.The second most important symptom of increased pressure is the problem with visual awareness:

• Dangling in the eyes;
• Can not explain the subjects;
• reduced peripheral vision;
• Bout of blind;
• Fog in front of my eyes;
• Reduce reaction to light.

Hypertension and hypertension: What is the difference?

Hypertension is a chronic disease with prolonged and prolonged high blood pressure, and hypertension is persistent hypertension (meaning it is not a diagnosis, but a condition of the body).In fact, these terms are one and the same, only means the first to indicate the name of the disease, and the second - to say the actual hypertension.

Hypertension hypertension is characterized by current features.Although hypertension is an independent disease, arterial hypertension is a symptom of pathological condition, exactly manifestation of persistent increase in pressure.

Therefore, to say that this is one and the same, it is only possible in the case of a hypertension crisis.The crisis is characterized by an increase in pressure stability (hypertension) and at the same time occurs due to hypertension.

Hypertension stage

For doctors to diagnose accurately, it is necessary to determine the stage of hypertension in the patient and make an appropriate record in their medical card.If hypertension is diagnosed in a late patient, that is, in stage 2 or 3, the patient's consequences will be more serious than the treatment of hypertension begins at the first stage.However, very few patients with hypertension in the initial stage transferred to the doctor or at least regularly measuring blood pressure.

The first phase

140-150/90 mm Hg.Art.When arterial pressure oscillates within these limits, the patient is diagnosed with the first degree of hypertension (light).The Hypertonic crisis rarely occurs, this disease is not a minor.

Second phase

160-170/100-109 mm Hg.Art.- The second level of hypertension (average).The Hypertonic crisis is typical.The narrowing of the retinal arteries, the hypertrophy of the left ventricle is recorded objectively.

Third phase

200-300/129 mm Hg.Art.And above.The crisis of severe hypertension (very serious hypertension) often develops.The effect of damaging causes hypertension, Levo deficiency, the development of brain vessels, hemorrhoids and edema of optic nerve, and kidney failure and kidney failure.

Why are dangerous hypertension?

Doctors believe that the consequences of hypertension are more life -threatening than AIDS, cancer and tuberculosis.The silly of this disease is its symptoms similar to the signs of normal work.Therefore, about half of the hypertension about their disease will learn too late when it is difficult to treat and almost cannot prevent the process of destroying the body that it has launched.

The danger of hypertension is that it begins as a violation of blood pressure adjustment functions, but in the future leads to serious diseases of organs and internal organs, especially cardiovascular diseases.A hypertension, occurring without medical control, can lead to heart attack, heart hypercasses and eventually, heart failure.

The consequences of hypertension are especially dangerous for those who have harmful factors for murder effect on the body of hypertension - smoking, drinking alcohol, unhealthy nutrition, sedentary lifestyle, regular stress, high level of cholesterol in the body and diabetes.Such people increase the risk of heart attack, stroke and kidney failure, blindness and various cognitive disorders - memory loss, intelligence and performance.

Hypertension is a number 1 killer among all cardiovascular diseases.The mortality rate from it in the past 25 years has increased from 98 to 107 people over 100 thousand people.This is a notable growth.50% of patients are treated quite effectively, but only 10% reaches the target blood pressure, meaning that below 130 x 80.

Which doctor is participating in treatment?

With increased pressure, you should go to an expert.The therapist conducted a preliminary examination of the patient, performed the necessary tests and determined which doctor would move further.This feature is explained by the fact that therapists are an expert in some medical fields at the same time.

After completing the preliminary examination, the doctor introduced to check other experts:

• neuroscientist;
• cardiologist;
• Doctor of Kidney;
• Okulist;
• Endocrinologist.

Diagnose

The easiest diagnostic method is to measure blood pressure.If there is a stable increase to 140/90 mm Hg.Art.And above, this means there is hypertension.

The increase in pressure is considered stable in repetitive measurements (at least 2-3 times on different days for 4 weeks).

The following diagnostic methods are also used to determine the presence of hypertension:

• Urine analysis for protein and glucose;
• on pigmentation or hematocrit;
• Determine the degree of creatinine or increase nitrogen in the blood and urine;
• Level of glucose during hunger;
• Electrocardiogram;
• Ultrasound of the heart, kidney;
• Consult a medical doctor with a study of bloody basis.

Measure blood pressure

Measure blood pressure with a manual tonometer (Korotkov method):

1. Tonyometer cuffs must be at a heart level (between the chest) of 2 cm compared to the elbow.A finger should cross between the cuff and the hand.The cuff must include at least 80% of the shoulder circumference and at least 40% of its length.
2. Place phonondoscope membrane on the pulse point of the shoulder artery.
3. Quickly pump the air into the cuff with a pear (do not forget to close the valve first) so that the air does not return to the upper pressure, 20 mm Hg.Art.Overcoming the systolic center (according to the disappearance of the pulse).
4. Slowly release the air from a cuff with a speed of 2 mm Hg.Art.In sec.The first blow is heard corresponding to the value of the above pressure.The level of negative stop corresponding to lower pressure.If the sounds are very weak, you should raise your hand, bend and straighten many times and repeat the measurement.

Blood and urine test

A general blood test or urine test for hypertension will not have much information.It is impossible to determine the cause of the disease due to such indicators, but they help find the stage of the disease.

From a general blood test, you can learn about the number of forms, as well as assess the presence of inflammatory processes in the body.

Heart work assessment

There are some methods to evaluate the work of the heart:

1. Physical diagnosis is related to myocardial research with the help of Phonondoscop.The doctor "listened" the heart, showing noise, disturbing rhythm.Based on physical diagnosis results, ECG is specified.
2. ECG (ECG) is also an assessment of the work of the heart muscle, only more detailed.Such a study allows you to identify possible changes in time and fully analyze the heart's work over a certain period of time.
3. Dopplerography is an effective ultrasonic test that helps determine blood condition through the vessels.
4. The artery is a X -ray method that assesses the condition of the artery walls, showing the atherosclerotic plaques and disadvantages of the arteries.

Check the bottom of the eye

Eye, like a heart, is considered a target agency with hypertension, so when diagnosed with pressure, an eye for IFalm specialist was tested.As a rule, with hypertension, in the initial stage, retinal veins and the narrowing of the artery are expanding.These functional changes can be reversed: with normalization of pressure, blood vessels also return to normal.

In the second phase, organic changes occur, worsening conditions.Microorganisms appear, hemorrhage may occur.

In the third stage, the condition of the optic nerve changes, the vision and the field look worse, the visual functions are broken.

Supersonic

By kidney and adrenal ultrasound, the kidney's work is evaluated.Due to the increasing pressure in organs, dead cells, daily dialysis from toxins.Finally, this can lead to renal failure.

A kidney ultrasound helps determine the volume formation in the adrenal gland, severe damage of the kidney tissue.An ultrasound of renal arteries is also specified.

How to treat hypertension?

The method is not the method:

• reduce body weight down to normal;
• Refuse smoking;
• reduced alcoholic beverages;
• Moderate physical activity (regular walking in fresh air);
• reduce salt consumption;
• increase the diet of plant foods rich in calcium, magnesium and potassium;
• Reduce the consumption of animal fat.

Medicine is prescribed if the methods are not ineffective or patients with risk factors for diabetes development, hypertension crisis, kidney damage and coronary atherosclerosis.

Medicine

The development of drugs for hypertension has taken place for more than a decade.But today, the development of new, effective and safer means to reduce and control pressure is still profound in medicine and pharmacological.

Today, there is such a widest drug, but all of them differ in exposure, efficiency, indications and contraindications.Their cost plays an important role.Therefore, for each patient, the doctor chose a diagram of individual hypertension treatment, mainly based on the cause:

1. Diuretics.These drugs prevent a part of calcium channels, which have vasodilation effect.They are recommended if there are blood vessel diseases at the same time with hypertension, but vehicles are contraindicated for those who have experienced myocardial infarction.
2. ACE inhibitors (enzymes angiotenzinoprofing).Reducing the production of an enzyme that stimulates the elasticity of blood vessels.They are very effective, well tolerated by patients with hypertension, affecting the cardiovascular system.They are often recommended after myocardial infarction, as well as increased pressure on the platform of diabetes.
3. Beta-adrenosaers.Reduce their heart rate and reduce their strength.They have a range of applications and are recommended for angina, tachycardia, after a heart attack, against the context of heart failure.
4. Drugs to reduce emergency pressure.This includes extracts of Motherwort, Valerian, Peony Root.

Diet

A special product for hypertension is baked potatoes.This product is rich in potassium-factory, the most important trace that adjusts the metabolism of salt in the body.

The main nutritional factors for hypertension are potassium, calcium, magnesium.It is the trace elements that contribute a lot to reducing blood pressure.

Diet for hypertension implies the rejection of fast food products, often overloaded with sodium, and it helps increase pressure.In addition, the diet should be saturated with products, also rich in calcium and magnesium:

• Seeds - bread, rice, wheat of solid varieties;
• dried fruits and vegetables;
• Low poultry and poultry;
• Low dairy products;
• Nuts and beans.

Treat great caution for fat foods, as well as sweets.

Doctors claim that adherence to diet helps maintain pressure within normal limits and thus reduce the risk of a stroke by 30%by nearly 40%and heart attack.

Life

All patients with blood pressure index are higher than 120-130 x 80-64 mm Hg.Art.You need to urgently change the familiar lifestyle and nutrition for them.This includes limiting smoking and drinking alcohol, synthesizing adequate diet, physical exercises.

A healthy lifestyle for hypertension, as for any chronic disease, is one of the main factors of effective treatment.Therefore, changes are considered an important step in the treatment process, as well as prevent arterial hypertension.

Folk remedies

Most patients with hypertension use special drugs, but you can also fight the disease with the help of famous folk remedies.Consider some effective recipes:

1. Flaxseed.They contain large amounts of fatty acids of the omega-3 group.They contribute to increasing the level of lipoprotein with increased density in the blood, which is the prevention of cholesterol growth and the formation of atherosclerotic complications on the walls of blood vessels.The body cannot synthesize this substance itself, so it is important to ensure that it comes with food.In flax seeds, the amount of omega-3 is 25% of the weight plus they are relatively cheap and absorb well.Take the flax seeds of 3 tablespoons a day in the form of chopped.
2. The alcohol of the red pine tree.Helps normalization of blood pressure and adjust the following lesson.The alcohol is prepared like this:
• Collect raw materials in the summer months, wash under water and pour into a liter of liters;
• Pour vodka or 40 -degree wine, then place it in a dark place;
• Take 2-3 weeks at room temperature;
• Before you start using, stress through gauze, double.
• The drug is prepared properly so it is dark red.It takes 3 times a day half an hour before eating on a teaspoon.You can mix with water or tea.
3. Garlic.If you use garlic regularly, this will stimulate blood flow in the vessels, preventing the deposition of their oxidative oxidation.Close the disturbing properties of garlic to prevent blood clots.The continuous use of garlic cloves helps reduce blood pressure by 7-8%.


You can also cook garlic:

• Two garlic teeth are cut thinly and poured a glass of broth;
• Let it incubate for 12 hours;
• In the morning, drink and prepare new infusion.
• The course is a month.Take a glass twice a day.
4. Lemon with blueberries and honey.Take lemon and mix spoon with a spoon of Cranberries.Add half a tablespoon of fresh roses on the ground, a glass of honey and drink a tablespoon of the product in the morning and evening.
5. Banana.Take 4 tablespoons of crushed banana leaves.Pour a glass of vodka and let the works incubate for two weeks in a dark place.Filter the mixture and use 30 drops three times a day.

Forecast

The prognosis for hypertension in the sense of absolute recovery is often unfavorable.Only in the semiconductor stage is the complete end of the more possible disease.However, modern treatments allow you to slow down the progression of the disease, prevent the development of complications, reduce the condition of the patient and maintain its ability to work for a long time.

The forecast for the kidney variant of the course is very unfavorable, especially when patients with blood vessels develop.The forecast becomes worse when joining atherosclerosis at any stage of hypertension.

Measures to prevent hypertension

The prevention of hypertension is divided into main and secondary.The main prevention needs to be healthy - those who are under pressure have not exceeded the normal number.The complexity of the following healing measures will help not only for many years to keep the normal pressure, but also to eliminate excess weight and significantly improve the overall health:

• Low diet;
• limit animal fat;
• exercise;
• Psychology of loading and unloading;
• Refuse bad habits;
• Weight control.

Secondary measures for the purpose of retention of blood pressure in the standard in hypertension patients, eliminating hypertension crisis and preventing complications of the disease.Secondary prevention includes psychological training courses contributing to the unloading of ethics and emotions, physical therapy procedures, treatment in the treatment room, using sedative drugs to improve sleep, use traditional medicine (Hawthorn, Peony, Valerian, Motherwort) and daily control of pressure indicators.

If you pay attention to hypertension in a timely manner and start treating it, you can avoid serious consequences.Pressure problems are solved not only through drugs, but to a greater level due to a healthy and accurate lifestyle and their health control.