Hypertension is a condition in which the level of blood pressure increases stably, fixed by repeated measurements. The increase in pressure is a factor that comes with many diseases and can cause the development of complications from the cardiovascular system.
Hypertension requires continuous control and drug treatment. In the modern clinic "Medcenttrervice", you can undergo a complete test, if necessary, the doctor will choose effective therapy.
Arterial hypertensionThe most common form of hypertension, in which both systolic and diastolic pressure increases. Less common, only one type of blood pressure is developing, which is the characteristic of the elderly.
Due to the appearance, two types of arterial hypertension are distinguished:
Main or necessary. It is impossible to establish the exact cause of the disease, as there is no disease that can cause pressure increase. Typically, essential hypertension appears due to stress, sedentary lifestyle, is the result of a genetic tendency.
Middle. As a result of other diseases, you can determine the exact cause of the increase in pressure. In most cases, secondary hypertension develops if a person has kidney disease.
Depending on the degree of systolic and diastolic pressure, 3 degrees of blood pressure are distinguished:
1 degree. It is conducted in a soft form, the systolic hypertension is collected to 140 mm Hg. Art, diastolic - up to 90 mm Hg. Art.
2 degrees. On average, the pressure increases to 180/110 mm RT. Art. Organic damage of the organs of the cardiovascular system may be observed.
3 degrees. There is an increase in systolic and/or diastolic pressure compared to the brand of 200/115 mm Hg. Art. This condition can cause serious complications, as the blood supply to the internal organs is disturbed.
Important! If level 1 hypertension is not treated, it is likely that the disease will progress. Very high pressure indicators can cause a crisis of hypertension, full with stroke.
ComplicationWith a long or severe hypertension process, complications may occur. Among the most dangerous people, they emphasized:
The brain damage develops into a stroke. As a result of the disease, it is unpredictable, and the rehabilitation time takes a lot of time.
Heart disease and circulatory system - myocardial infarction, aneurysm.
Kidney disease. In the context of arterial hypertension, renal failure may develop, the imbalance of salt and liquid volume in the body may occur.
Regular complications are crisis of hypertension. Short -term increased hypertension ladder is accompanied by severe headaches, vomiting and tachycardia.
Diagnosis and testing with increased blood pressureHypertension can lead to serious complications, so it is important to diagnose the disease in a timely manner. First, you need to measure the pressure and check the so -called target agencies.
The necessary steps to diagnose "hypertension" and calculate the severity of the disease:
Pressure measurement is independent at home, in a doctor's office.
Overcoming blood and urine analysis.
Evaluate the work of the heart muscle - done by using joints or more details - via ECG or heart ultrasound.
Dopplerography - allows you to evaluate the blood transmission through the heart vessels.
Aortic - making it see the condition of the artery walls.
Check the bottom of the eye - necessary in the early stages of hypertension. With the increase in the pressure of the retinal vein, the expansion of the eyes and the arteries are narrowed.
Echoura and adrenal glands - Research allows you to evaluate the work of the kidneys, to identify kidney tissue damage.
Important! At the first signs of hypertension, you must definitely consult your doctor. Timely diagnosis and test will allow you to choose effectively and avoid complications.
Prevention of hypertensionTo prevent hypertension, you need to comply with some simple recommendations:
Regularly measure blood pressure, leading a diary with its indicators. Even small deviations of 10 mm Hg. Art. Systolic or diastolic blood pressure, if this happens often, can become an alarming bell.
Following the way of life - movement, nutrition, eliminating bad habits.
Study regularly at the doctor.
Compliance with these simple rules will help minimize risks.
Rules for measuring blood pressure to diagnose artery hypertensionTo get an objective picture when measuring the pressure, it is very important:
At least half an hour before the procedure, giving up smoking, consuming tea, coffee, alcohol and other stimulating drinks, meals and physical efforts.
When measuring the pressure, take a convenient location and do not cross your foot.
The right metometers are at the level of the heart.
To minimize the error, the process should be repeated 2-3 times.
The difference between the indicators on the left and right hand can be 10 mm Hg. Art. Or even 20 mm Hg. Art.
To get an objective picture, regularly measure the pressure at home and add data to the diary.
Hypertension is one of the most common diseases in people of different ages. Therefore, it is important to take responsibility for your health and periodically check your doctor.
Causes of hypertensionSometimes blood pressure can increase in a completely healthy person - this is a natural reaction of the body for stress and physical activity. If in a calm state, at least with three control measurements, there is increased blood pressure to 140/90 mm Hg. Art. Or more, with a probability of diagnostic - hypertension.
The disease develops due to weakening mechanisms to adjust blood pressure. There are several reasons for hypertension:
Congenital arterial hypertension or suffering. In case of violation of kidney and kidney flow is released into the body, a substance is called renin. As a result, a contraction of small vessels occurs, the blood vessels gradually thicken, an excess liquid is delayed in the blood. The processes are described to increase the load on the heart, causing hypertension.
Excessive anxiety. Stress and chronic fatigue often lead to the development of hypertension.
Hormonal incidents and metabolic disorders. They lead to circulatory disorders in tissues.
Usually hypertension is observed by age. For 20 -year -old people, normal pressure is 120/70 Hang130/80 mm Hg. Art. , 40-60 years - 140/90 mm Hg. Art. , Over 60 years old - 140/90 Hang150/90 mm Hg. Art.
A common cause of pathology is genetic. In addition, the factors that cause high pressure include:
Smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages;
Sedentary lifestyle;
overweight;
Nutrition is not suitable.
If a person has a history of at least one of the above risk factors, you should regularly undergo physical examination and perform all the necessary tests. It is important to consider that hypertension in the initial stage may develop without obvious symptoms.
Symptoms of hypertensionHypertension is an implicit disease. In the early stages, the disease may not show themselves, but the course has no symptoms nor less dangerous. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly measure blood pressure and undergo medical examination. This is especially important for patients from a risk group.
The first symptoms of hypertension:
often headache;
Nose bleeding;
Violation of heart rate;
Vision of vision;
Tinnitus.
With more serious hypertension, the above symptoms can participate:
Weaknesses;
nausea;
vomiting;
tremor;
confused;
Pain in the chest.
Usually people write the appearance of hypertension symptoms with general fatigue. But when the first alarm bells appear, you should immediately consult a doctor. With increased pressure, the heart and kidneys work with maximum load, which can lead to the Hypertonic crisis, heart failure and kidney failure.
Treatment of hypertensionHypertension is a chronic disease, in treatment requires a comprehensive approach:
Changes in lifestyle - should increase the operation of the engine, monitor the diet;
The use of drug therapy will help reduce blood pressure and avoid complications.
Pay attention! Only one doctor can prescribe medication and choose the dose. You cannot let yourself so as not to aggravate the situation.
This article is only published for the purpose of getting acquainted for cognitive purposes and not a scientific document or professional health council. To diagnose and treat, consult a doctor.
